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Support Physical Safety and Security
Websites
The Defensible Space website is a service of the Institute
for Community Design Analysis, Inc. This not-for-profit corporation has
developed and applied a technology that uses restructuring of housing
developments and residential communities to reduce crime and improve stability.
The Executive Director, Oscar Newman, is the creator of this technology
and the author of numerous research studies and books on Defensible Space.
http://www.defensiblespace.com
(September 4, 2001).
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
is the Federal agency responsible for national policy and programs that
address America's housing needs, that improve and develop the Nation's
communities, and enforce fair housing laws. HUD's web page on Crime Prevention
through Environmental Design provides information on improving safety,
decreasing fear of crime, and eliminating conditions that may contribute
to crime, as well as offering assistance to eligible providers, programs,
and individuals. HUD's publications contain many useful resources and
references on Crime Prevention through Environmental Design and Defensible
Space.
http://www.hud.gov/progdesc/cpted.cfm (September 4, 2001).
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Publications
Cisneros, Henry. 1995. Defensible space: deterring crime and building
community. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Crowe, Timothy D. 1991. Crime prevention through environmental design:
Applications of architectural design and space management concepts.
National Crime Prevention Institute. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Fleissner, Dan. 1996. Crime prevention through environmental design
and community policing. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office
of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice.
Geason, Susan and Wilson, Paul R. 1989. Designing out crime: Crime
prevention through environmental design. Canberra: Australian Institute
of Criminology.
Hillier, Bill and Shu, Simon. No date. Do burglars understand defensible
space? New evidence on the relation between crime and space [online].
Available from the World Wide Web:
http://www.spacesyntax.com/housing/
BillCrimePaper/BillCrimePaper.html (July 11, 2001).
National Crime Prevention Council. 1997. Designing safer communities:
a crime prevention through environmental design handbook. Washington,
D. C.: National Crime Prevention Council.
Newman, Oscar. March 1973. Architectural design for crime prevention.
Washington, D.C.: U. S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Law
Enforcement and Criminal Justice.
Newman, Oscar. 1996. Creating defensible space. Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development
and Research.
Newman, Oscar. 1972. Defensible space; crime prevention through urban
design. New York: Macmillan.
Newman, Oscar. 1975. Design guidelines for creating defensible space.
Washington: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration,
National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice.
Newman, Oscar and Franck, Karen. 1980. Factors influencing crime
and instability in urban housing developments. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Dept. of Justice, National Institute of Justice.
Perlgut, Donald. 1981. Crime prevention and the design and management
of public developments: selected and annotated references from Australia,
the United States, and the United Kingdom. Chicago, IL: Chicago Public
Library Bibliographies.
Poyner, Barry and Webb, Barry. 1991. Crime free housing. Oxford
and Boston: Butterworth-Architecture.
Poyner, Barry. 1983. Design against crime: beyond defensible space.
London, U.K.: Butterworths.
Taylor, Ralph B. 1996. Physical environment and crime. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute
of Justice.
United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development. 1998. Celebrate
the spirit of success! : A guide to best practices: practical information
for developing and implementing programs to enhance the safety and security,
personal empowerment, and economic self-sufficiency of public housing
residents. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development.
United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development. 1998. Safe
home. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development.
Vogel, Mary, Project Leader. December 1993, reprinted December 1995.
Design for Saint Paul public safety: a guide for making a safe public
realm. Saint Paul, Minnesota: City of Saint Paul, Department of Planning
& Economic Development.
Wekerle, Gerda R., and Whitzman, Carolyn. 1995. Safe Cities: Guidelines
for planning, design, and management. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
William Brill Associates. 1979. Planning for housing security: Household
safety and security planning. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Housing
and Urban Development.
Zelinka, Al and Brennan, Dean. 2001. SafeScape: creating safer, more
livable communities through planning design. Washington, D. C. and
Chicago, Illinois: Planners Press, American Planning Association.
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